Celiac disease in the world

CELIAC IN THE WORLD

Celiac kz

International Celiac Disease Societies:

Celiac disease is a chronic, multiorgan autoimmune disease that affects the small intestine in genetically susceptible children and adults. Damage occurs when eating foods containing gluten. This disease may also be referred to as celiac sprue, gluten-sensitive enteropathy, or non-tropical sprue (World Gastroenterological Organization).

International organizations

AOECS – Association of European Coeliac Societies

WGO – World Gastroenterology Organization

Beyond Celiac

MAY 16 - International Celiac Disease Awareness Day

History of celiac disease: from antiquity to modernity

The importance of grains in human history

Cereals have played a vital role in human history. Already in the 15th century BC. Intestinal diseases manifested by malabsorption and resembling symptoms of celiac disease have been described.

First descriptions and assumptions

Breakthroughs in understanding celiac disease

In the 1960s, three important discoveries were made in celiac disease research. Firstly, it has been established that the basis of the disease is gluten intolerance. Secondly, it was revealed that damage to the mucous membrane of the small intestine is associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. And thirdly, the advent of the biopsy method gave scientists the opportunity to begin to uncover the secrets of the pathogenesis of celiac enteropathy

The first accurate description of the symptoms of celiac disease appeared in 1888 thanks to Samuel Gee. He suggested that following a certain diet could significantly alleviate the symptoms of this disease.

Stages of treatment and search for solutions

In 1924, American pediatrician Sidney Haas presented the positive results of the banana diet in treating children with celiac disease. This method remained popular for several decades.

The history of celiac disease extends from ancient accounts to modern discoveries, expanding our understanding of the disease and raising important questions in the fields of medicine and nutrition.

Until the 1990s. celiac disease was considered a rare disease that mainly affected children and was limited to Western Europe. Celiac disease is currently a major health problem and affects people all over the world. A recent meta-analysis estimated the prevalence of celiac disease diagnosed based on positive anti-TG2 IgA and/or endomysial antibody tests to be 1.4% (95% confidence interval: 1.1–1.7%).

The prevalence of biopsy-proven celiac disease is 0.7% (95% CI: 0.5–0.9%). In Africa and North America, 0.5% of the population is diagnosed with celiac disease, in South America 0.4% of the population, in Asia 0.6% of the population suffers from celiac disease and 0.8% in Europe and Oceania. The world's highest incidence of celiac disease was found in specific populations in Western Sahara - 5.6%, which is almost ten times higher than in most European countries. Some of the highest carriage frequencies of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 were also found in the population and very high levels of gluten consumption.

Risks

Celiac disease can occur at any age and in a variety of clinical manifestations, but is more common in children (0.9%, 0.5% in adults) and in females (0.6% vs. 0.4% males; p < 0.001). The risk of celiac disease is significantly higher in first-degree relatives (5–10%), in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus and other autoimmune diseases, with Down syndrome and a number of other concomitant pathologies.